Bloqueo del tobillo con lidocaína y bupivacaina para amputación de los radios del pie. Hospital General del Sur "Dr. Pedro Iturbe" / Ankle block with lidocaine and bupivacaine for foot rays amputation. Hospital General del Sur "Dr. Pedro Iturbe"

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la utilidad del bloqueo del tobillo con lidocaína y Bupivacaína para amputación de los radios del pie en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital General del Sur Dr. Pedro Iturbe, Maracaibo, Venezuela, desde mayo 2019 hasta mayo 2021. Se realizó un estudio pre-experimental, prospectivo y longitudinal. Se incluyeron pacientes de ambos sexos, entre 18 a 90 años, con amputaciones traumáticas, pie diabético e insuficiencia vascular periférica. Se incluyeron 50 pacientes, con edad promedio de 50,76 ± 25,0 años, 35(70,0%) de sexo masculino. Con antecedente de diabetes 13(26,0%) pacientes, fumadores 4(8,0%), cardiópatas 4(8,0%), hipertensos/diabéticos 6(12,0%), obesidad 5(10,0%), trauma 6(12,0%), nefrópatas 2(4,0%), drogas 1(2,0%) y sin antecedentes 9(18,0%). Diagnóstico preoperatorio predominante: amputación traumática 19 pacientes (38,0%), El promedio de tiempo de inicio del bloqueo fue 5-15min en 21(42,0%) casos. El bloqueo fue satisfactorio en 46(92,0%) pacientes. La duración del bloqueo en 22(44,0%) pacientes fue prolongada. Según la EVA del dolor en 19(38,0%) casos fue leve. No se evidenciaron complicaciones asociadas al procedimiento en 50(100,0%) pacientes. El bloqueo con lidocaína y bupivacaína es una técnica útil en la amputación de los radios del pie, inmediata, ambulatoria, a bajo costo, de duración prolongada y satisfactoria, de bajo dolor postoperatorio, poco requerimiento de analgésicos y con bajas complicaciones(AU)

The objective to determine the usefulness of the ankle block with lidocaine and Bupivacaine for amputation of the foot rays in patients treated at the Hospital General del Sur Dr. Pedro Iturbe during the period May 2019 to May 2021. A pre-experiment, prospective and longitudinal study was made. Patients of both sexes, between 18 and 90 years old, with traumatic amputations, diabetic foot and peripheral vascular Insufficiency were included. A descriptive statistical analysis was applied. Mean age 50,76±25,0 years, 35(70,0%) male patients. Patients history: Diabetes 13(26,0%), smokers 4(8,0%), heart patients 4(8,0%), hypertensive/diabetics 6(12,0%) patients, obesity 5(10,0%), trauma 6(12,0%), kidney disease 2(4,0%), drugs 1(2,0%), no history 9(18,0%). Predominant preoperative diagnosis: traumatic amputation 19(38,0%) patients, Block onset time: medium (5-15min) 21(42,0%) patients. The blockade was satisfactory in 46 patients (92.0%). Block duration in 22(44,0%) patients was prolonged. Pain scale 19(38,0%) patients mild pain. There were no complications associated with the procedure in 50(100,0%) patients. Conclusions: The blockade with lidocaine and bupivacaine is useful in the amputation of the foot rays since it is performed immediately, on an outpatient basis, at low cost, with a long and satisfactory duration, presenting mild postoperative pain, little need for analgesics and they do not represent a risk for the patient since there were no complications related to the technique(AU)

Stiffness degree of ankle range of motion in diabetic patients with atypical amputation

SUMMARY In diabetics, foot deformities are risk factors that increase the risk of amputation as a result of developing ulcers. However, knowledge of the influence of plantar stiffness is still limited. The main objective was to describe connections between the degree of stiffness of the ankle, atypical amputation, and the Foot Posture Index (FPI). METHODS 62 diabetic patients, 58 with type 2 and 4 with type 1 (average age 63.35 years) were included. Records of foot deformities were included; A range of motion test of the ankle joint was used to determine the degree of stiffness. An exploratory analysis of the association of foot position and the degree of rigidity was performed. RESULTS The dorsal flexion range of the ankle was 9.6 ± 5.1 0, 13.8 ± 5.9 0 and 17.2 ± 6.5 0 and 20.5 ± 6.8 0 to 45, 67, 89 and 111 N respectively in the amputated feet., And 14 patients (22.58%) had a high level of pronation of IPF with an average value of 3.7 ± 2.629, CI (3.032.-4.367) in amputated feet compared to non-amputees. We use the device "Iowa ankle range of motion" (IAROM) to determine the differences in ankle stiffness. Proper IPF was associated with the presence of amputation and an increase in stiffness CONCLUSIONS There was an increase in the degree of limitation of movement of the ankle, as a greater force was applied. Comparing FPI between the groups, there was a higher frequency of prone feet in the group of amputees

RESUMO Nos diabéticos, as enfermidades nos pés são fatores de risco, que aumentam o risco de sofrerem uma amputação, como resultado do desenvolvimento de úlceras. Contudo, o conhecimento sobre a influência da rigidez plantar ainda é limitado. O objetivo principal foi descrever conexões entre o grau de rigidez do tornozelo, a amputação atípica e o Foot Posture Index (FPI). MÉTODOS 62 diabéticos, 58 com tipo 2; e 4 com tipo 1 (idade média de 63.35 anos). Incluindo o registro de deformidades do pé; teste de classificação do movimento da articulação do tornozelo, para determinar o grau de rigidez. Realizou-se uma análise exploratória da associação da posição do pé com o grau de rigidez. RESULTADO A classificação de flexão dorsal do tornozelo foi de 9.6 ± 5.1 0, 13.8 ± 5.9 0 e de 17.2 ± 6.5 0 e 20.5 ± 6.8 0 a 45, 67, 89 e 111 N respectivamente nos pés amputados, e 14 pacientes (22.58%) teve alto nível de pronação de FPI com um valor médio de 3.7 ±2.629, IC(3.032.-4.367) em pés amputados com relação aos não amputados. Utilizamos o dispositivo "Iowa ankle range of motion" (IAROM) para determinar as diferenças de rigidez do tornozelo. O FPI pronado foi associado à presença de amputação e um aumento da rigidez. CONCLUSÕES Aumento do grau de limitação do movimento do tornozelo; à medida que se aplicava uma força maior. Comparando FPI entre os grupos existentes maior frequência de pés pronados no grupo de amputados.

Evaluation of foot functionality in cases of rheumatoid arthritis through the FFI-BR and FHSQ-BR questionnaires: a cross-sectional observational study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can affect the feet, thus compromising the patient's gait and autonomy. In this study, we investigated foot disability in RA patients using the Brazilian versions of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ-BR) and Foot Function Index (FFI-BR). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: Two hundred individuals were studied: 100 with RA and 100 controls. Demographic variables and FFI-BR and FHSQ-BR scores were analyzed. In relation to RA patients, data on medications used and on the following clinical variables were collected: Disease Activity Score-28-ESR; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) level and rheumatoid factor (RF) level. The groups were compared and the scores and clinical variables were correlated. RESULTS: RA patients' scores in the pain, difficulty and disability domains of the FFI-BR questionnaire were worse (P < 0.0001). The FHSQ-BR showed that there were differences between RA patients and controls in relation to the pain and foot function domains: shoes (P < 0.0001), foot health (P < 0.0001), general health (P=0.0002), physical activity (P < 0.0001), social capacity (P = 0.0006) and vigor (P = 0.01). There were correlations between FFI-BR and DAS-28-ESR scores (rho = 0.45), ESR (rho = 0.27) and CRP (rho = 0.24). According to the FHSQ-BR questionnaire, there was a correlation between DAS-28-ESR and worse foot health (rho = 0.29). CONCLUSION: RA patients' scores in the foot health assessment questionnaires were worse than those of controls. A correlation between inflammatory activity and worse foot function was found.

Effect of generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity related of quality of life in the foot: a case controlled study

SUMMARY Generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity (GLH) has been shown to predispose an individual to a number of orthopaedic conditions. Little is known about how GLH affects people' foot health-related quality of life. This study analyses a sample of people with GLH and people without GLH with normalised reference values of the scores collected with regard to using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FSHQ). A total of 100 respondents with mean age of 22.69 ± 3.78 years old, who attended a health centre were classified as GLH (n = 50) or non-GLH (n = 50). The GLH was determined of the patients with and without GLH using assessment with Beighton tool and the scores on the FHSQ were compared. The control group recorded higher scores in the First Section for foot pain, foot function and general foot health, and lower scores in footwear. In the Second Section, they obtained higher scores in social capacity and lower scores in physical activity, vigour and general health. Differences between the two groups were evaluated through a t-test for independent samples, showing statistical significance (P<0.001). This study has detected measurable differences of association between GLH (Beighton score ≥4) with impaired quality of life related to foot health.

RESUMO A hiperlaxia ligamentosa generalizada (HLG) demonstrou predispor um indivíduo a várias condições ortopédicas. Pouco se sabe sobre como a HLG afeta a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde do pé das pessoas. Este estudo analisa uma amostra de pessoas com HLG e pessoas sem HLG com valores de referência normalizados das pontuações coletadas no que diz respeito ao Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FSHQ). Um total de 100 informantes com média de idade de 22,69 ± 3,78 anos que eram atendidos em um centro de saúde foi classificado como HLG (n = 50) ou não HLG (n = 50). A HLG foi determinada com os pacientes com e sem HLG usando a ferramenta Beighton e os escores na FHSQ foram comparados. O grupo de controle registrou pontuações mais altas na primeira seção para a dor no pé, função do pé e saúde geral do pé, e menores pontuações no calçado. Na segunda seção obtiveram maiores escores em capacidade social e menores escores em atividade física, vigor e saúde geral. As diferenças entre os dois grupos foram avaliadas por meio de um teste t para amostras independentes, mostrando significância estatística (P<0,001). Este estudo detectou diferenças mensuráveis de associação entre HLG (pontuação de Beighton≥4) com deterioração da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos pés.

Cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised: WFQ-R-Brazil / Adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro do Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised: WFQ-R-Brasil

ABSTRACT Post-stroke hemiparesis causes compensated postures, which can modify the footedness established before the impairment. Recently, a paresis severity-modulated dominance hypothesis stated that measures to detect footedness become crucial to float new ideas for neurorehabilitation strategies. The Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised (WFQ-R) represents the most acceptable measure but it had not yet been cross-culturally adapted for Portuguese spoken in Brazil. Our aim was to cross-culturally adapt the WFQ-R to Brazilian Portuguese, verifying its reliability. We completed the essential steps to cross-culturally adapt one version, tested in 12 patients with post-stroke hemiparesis and 12 able-bodied individuals, sampled by convenience, to verify reliability. Measurements were taken by two independent raters during the test and by one of them at the one-week retest. No great semantic, linguistic or cultural differences were found, and acceptable reliability was recorded. The WFQ-R-Brazil is reliable and ready for use in the Brazilian able-bodied and post-stroke hemiparesis population.

RESUMO Hemiparesia pós-doença cerebrovascular causa posturas compensadas que podem modificar predominância de uso do pé adotada antes da deficiência. Recentemente, hipótese de predominância modulada pela gravidade da paresia declara que medidas para detectar predominância tornaram-se cruciais para sugerir ideias em busca de estratégias de neurorreabilitação. A Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised (WFQ-R) representa a medida mais aceita e não foi ainda adaptada transculturalmente para o Português brasileiro. Nosso objetivo foi então adaptar o WFQ-R, verificando sua confiabilidade. Nós completamos os passos essenciais para adaptar uma versão testada em 12 pessoas com hemiparesia e 12 fisicamente aptas amostradas por conveniência para procedimentos de verificação da confiabilidade. Medidas foram tomadas por dois examinadores independentes durante o teste e por um deles no reteste após uma semana. Nenhuma diferença semântica, linguística ou cultural foi encontrada, e confiabilidade aceitável foi registrada. WFQ-R-Brasil é confiável e está pronto para uso na população de brasileiros fisicamente aptos e com hemiparesia.

Unna's boot: experience of care of people with venous ulcers / Bota de Unna: experiencia del cuidado de personas con úlcera varicosa / Bota de Unna: vivência do cuidado por pessoas com úlcera varicosa

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the experience of care of people with venous ulcers using an Unna's boot. Method: a qualitative study, based on the social phenomenology by Alfred Schütz, was carried out with 12 adults interviewed in 2015. The statements were analyzed and organized in thematic categories. Results: the following categories emerged: "Unna's boot annoyance versus wound improvement", "Difficulties for accessing care with the Unna's boot", "Care for healing and preventing recurrence", and "Receiving more attention from the healthcare professional". Conclusion: the experience of care of people using an Unna's boot revealed the annoyance caused by this device, which was overcome due to the wound improvement. However, access to care was compromised by the lack of structure at the service, frustrating the patients' expectations regarding wound healing. The issues of these people's intersubjective universe should be considered in the management of care of venous ulcers.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la experiencia del cuidado de personas con úlcera varicosa utilizando la Bota de Unna. Método: estudio cualitativo, fundamentado en fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz, realizado con 12 adultos entrevistados en 2015. Testimonios analizados y organizados en categorías temáticas. Resultados: surgieron las categorías: "Incomodidad de la Bota de Unna versus mejora de la herida", "Dificultades para el acceso al cuidado con la Bota de Unna", "Cuidar para cicatrizar y prevenir recidivas" y "Recibir más atención del profesional de salud". Conclusión: la experiencia de cuidado de personas utilizando la Bota de Unna expresó la incomodidad del dispositivo, superado por la mejora de la herida. No obstante, el acceso al cuidado resultó comprometido por falta de estructura del servicio, frustrando expectativas de los participantes respecto a la cicatrización de la herida. Las cuestiones del universo intersubjetivo de estas personas deben considerarse en la gestión del cuidado de la úlcera varicosa.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a vivência de cuidado de pessoas com úlcera varicosa em uso da Bota de Unna. Método: estudo qualitativo fundamentado na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, realizado com 12 adultos entrevistados em 2015. Os depoimentos foram analisados e organizados em categorias temáticas. Resultados: foram desveladas as categorias: "O incômodo da bota de Unna versus a melhora da ferida", "Dificuldades para o acesso ao cuidado com a Bota de Unna", "Cuidar para cicatrizar e prevenir recidivas" e "Receber mais atenção do profissional de saúde". Conclusão: a vivência de cuidado de pessoas em uso da Bota de Unna revelou o incômodo proporcionado por este dispositivo, superado pela melhora da ferida. Porém, o acesso ao cuidado foi comprometido pela falta de estrutura do serviço, frustrando as expectativas dos participantes em relação à cicatrização da ferida. As questões do universo intersubjetivo dessas pessoas devem ser consideradas na gestão do cuidado da úlcera varicosa.

Tradução e adaptação cultural do Foot Function Index para a língua portuguesa: FFI - Brasil / Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of FFI to Brazilian Portuguese version: FFI - Brazil

RESUMOObjetivo:Realizar a tradução e a adaptação cultural do questionário Foot Functional Index (FFI), que avalia a funcionalidade do pé, para a versão em língua portuguesa do Brasil.Métodos:A versão brasileira do FFI foi baseada no protocolo proposto por Guillemin. O processo aplicado consistiu em: (1) tradução; (2) retrotradução; (3) análise do comitê de especialistas; (4) pré-teste. A versão brasileira foi aplicada em 40 pessoas, homens e mulheres com idade superior a 18 anos, com fasciíte plantar e metatarsalgia, para verificar o nível de compreensão do instrumento. A versão final foi definida após se obter menos de 15% de “não compreensão” em cada item.Resultados:Foram alterados termos e expressões para obter equivalência cultural do FFI. As alterações feitas foram baseadas nas sugestões dos pacientes.Conclusão:Após a tradução e adaptação cultural do questionário, foi concluída a versão da língua portuguesa do Brasil do FFI.

ABSTRACTObjective:Perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire Foot Functional Index (FFI), which assesses the functionality of the foot, to the Brazilian Portuguese version.Method:The Brazilian version development of FFI questionnaire was based on the guideline proposed by Guillemin. The applied process consisted of: (1) translation; (2) back-translation; (3) committee review; (4) pretesting. The Portuguese version was applied to 40 patients, both genders, aged over 18 years old, with plantar fasciitis and metatarsalgia to verify the level of the instrument comprehension. The final Brazilian version of the FFI was set after getting less than 15% of “not understanding” on each item.Results:Some terms and expressions were changed to obtain cultural equivalence for FFI. The terms that were incomprehensible were changed in accordance of patient suggestions.Conclusion:After the translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire, the final Portuguese version of FFI was concluded.

Meta-Analysis of Ultrafiltration versus Diuretics Treatment Option for Overload Volume Reduction in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure / Meta-Analysis of Ultrafiltration versus Diuretics Treatment Option for Overload Volume Reduction in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Introduction: Although diuretics are mainly used for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), inadequate responses and complications have led to the use of extracorporeal ultrafiltration (UF) as an alternative strategy for reducing volume overloads in patients with ADHF. Objective: The aim of our study is to perform meta-analysis of the results obtained from studies on extracorporeal venous ultrafiltration and compare them with those of standard diuretic treatment for overload volume reduction in acute decompensated heart failure. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were systematically searched using a pre‑specified criterion. Pooled estimates of outcomes after 48 h (weight change, serum creatinine level, and all-cause mortality) were computed using random effect models. Pooled weighted mean differences were calculated for weight loss and change in creatinine level, whereas a pooled risk ratio was used for the analysis of binary all-cause mortality outcome. Results: A total of nine studies, involving 613 patients, met the eligibility criteria. The mean weight loss in patients who underwent UF therapy was 1.78 kg [95% Confidence Interval (CI): −2.65 to −0.91 kg; p < 0.001) more than those who received standard diuretic therapy. The post-intervention creatinine level, however, was not significantly different (mean change = −0.25 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.56 to 0.06 mg/dL; p = 0.112). The risk of all-cause mortality persisted in patients treated with UF compared with patients treated with standard diuretics (Pooled RR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.64–1.56; p = 0.993). Conclusion: Compared with standard diuretic therapy, UF treatment for overload volume reduction in individuals suffering from ADHF, resulted in significant reduction of body weight within 48 h. However, no significant decrease of serum creatinine level or reduction of all-cause mortality ...

Introdução: Embora os diuréticos sejam utilizados como o principal tratamento na insuficiência cardíaca aguda descompensada, sua significativa taxa de complicações e respostas inadequadas levou ao uso de ultrafiltração extracorpórea como uma alternativa. Objetivo: Realizar uma meta-análise de estudos de ultrafiltração venosa extracorpórea e diuréticos no tratamento de sobrecarga hídrica na insuficiência cardíaca aguda descompensada. Métodos: MEDLINE, EMBASE e o banco de dados do Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials foram pesquisados sistematicamente usando um critério pré-estabelecido. Estimativas combinadas para os resultados na alteração de peso em 48 horas, creatinina sérica e mortalidade por todas as causas foram calculados utilizando modelos de efeitos aleatórios. As diferenças entre as médias ponderadas combinadas foram calculadas para a perda de peso e alteração nos níveis de creatinina e relação risco partilhado foi utilizada para o resultado binário de todas as causas de mortalidade. Resultados: Nove estudos foram considerados elegíveis para a análise, com inclusão de 613 pacientes. Pacientes submetidos a ultrafiltração perderam em média 1,78kg (intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% -2,65 a 0,91kg, p < 0,001) quando comparados com pacientes submetidos à terapia diurética padrão. Os níveis de creatinina pós-intervenção, no entanto, não diferiram entre os grupos (diferença média de -0,25 mg/dL CI 95% -0,56 a 0,06mg/dL p = 0,112). Não observamos evidências de redução de risco de mortalidade por todas as causas em pacientes submetidos à UF quando comparados àqueles tratados com terapia diurética padrão (RR combinado = 1,00 CI 95% 0,64 1,56, p = 0,993). Conclusão: Quando comparado à terapia diurética padrão, o uso de UF no tratamento de sobrecarga hídrica em ICAD resultou em uma redução significativa de peso em 48 horas. No entanto, não foi observada melhoria significativa na redução dos níveis de creatinina ou na taxa de ...

Influência da velocidade da marcha sobre a pressão plantar em sujeitos com osteoartrite unilateral de joelho / Influence of gait speed on plantar pressure in subjects with unilateral knee osteoarthritis

Objetivos Alterar a velocidade da marcha é uma estratégia comum para manipular a intensidade de exercício de caminhada, mas pode repercutir em maiores forças de impacto e consequente sobrecarga articular. Neste estudo analisamos os efeitos do aumento da velocidade da marcha sobre a pressão plantar e assimetrias na marcha em idosos com osteoartrite (OA) unilateral de joelho. A hipótese do estudo era de que o membro acometido receberia maior sobrecarga que o acometido durante o andar nas diferentes velocidades. Métodos Doze idosos com OA unilateral de joelho caminharam por um corredor de 10 m onde pisavam em um tapete instrumentado para medidas de pressão plantar. Cada participante caminhou cinco vezes em três diferentes velocidades autosselecionadas (preferida, lenta e rápida). Os resultados foram comparados entre as velocidades e entre os membros inferiores. Resultados As velocidades avaliadas diferiram entre si (p<0,05). A pressão média e o pico de pressão aumentaram com as mudanças entre as velocidades lenta e rápida (p<0,05); a velocidade do centro de pressão aumentou e o tempo de apoio simples diminuiu com o aumento da velocidade (p<0,05). Assimetrias não foram observadas entre o membro acometido e o contralateral. Conclusões O aumento na velocidade da marcha lenta para rápida em sujeitos com OA unilateral afeta a pressão plantar tanto no membro acometido quanto no contralateral, sem a observação de assimetrias. .

Objective Changing gait speed is a common strategy to manipulate exercise intensity during physical exercise, but may elicit higher impact forces and consequent joint loading. Here we analyzed the effects of increasing walking velocity on plantar pressure and asymmetries in elderly with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Our hypothesis was that the contralateral limb could receive higher loading compared to the OA limb in the different walking speeds tested. Methods Twelve elderly with unilateral knee OA walked at different self-selected speeds along a 10 m pass way stepping on an instrumented mat for measurement of plantar pressure at preferred, slow and fast gait speeds. Five steps were recorded for each speed. Plantar pressure data were compared between the speeds and legs. Results speeds were significantly different between them (p<0.05). Mean and peak plantar pressure increased when speed changed from slow to fast (p<0.05). Velocity of the center of pressure increased and the single stance time decreased when walk speed was increased (p<0.05). Any asymmetries were observed. Conclusion Increasing gait speed from slow to fast in subjects with unilateral knee OA significantly affected variables of plantar pressure, but asymmetries between committed and contralateral leg were not detected. .

Influence of patellofemoral pain syndrome on plantar pressure in the foot rollover process during gait

BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is one of the most common knee disorders among physically active young women. Despite its high incidence, the multifactorial etiology of this disorder is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome on plantar pressure distribution during the foot rollover process (i.e., the initial heel contact, midstance and propulsion phases) of the gait. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven young adults, including 22 subjects with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (30 ± 7 years, 165 ± 9 cm, 63 ± 12 kg) and 35 control subjects (29 ± 7 years, 164 ± 8 cm, 60 ± 11 kg), volunteered for the study. The contact area and peak pressure were evaluated using the Pedar-X system (Novel, Germany) synchronized with ankle sagittal kinematics. RESULTS: Subjects with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome showed a larger contact area over the medial (p = 0.004) and central (p = 0.002) rearfoot at the initial contact phase and a lower peak pressure over the medial forefoot (p = 0.033) during propulsion when compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is related to a foot rollover pattern that is medially directed at the rearfoot during initial heel contact and laterally directed at the forefoot during propulsion. These detected alterations in the foot rollover process during gait may be used to develop clinical interventions using insoles, taping and therapeutic exercise to rehabilitate this dysfunction.

Rearfoot alignment and medial longitudinal arch configurations of runners with symptoms and histories of plantar fasciitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare rearfoot alignment and medial longitudinal arch index during static postures in runners, with and without symptoms and histories of plantar fasciitis (PF). INTRODUCTION: PF is the third most common injury in runners but, so far, its etiology remains unclear. In the literature, rearfoot misalignment and conformations of the longitudinal plantar arch have been described as risk factors for the development of PF. However, in most of the investigated literature, the results are still controversial, mainly regarding athletic individuals and the effects of pain associated with these injuries. METHODS: Forty-five runners with plantar fasciitis (30 symptomatic and 15 with previous histories of injuries) and 60 controls were evaluated. Pain was assessed by a visual analogue scale. The assessment of rearfoot alignment and the calculations of the arch index were performed by digital photographic images. RESULTS: There were observed similarities between the three groups regarding the misalignments of the rearfoot valgus. The medial longitudinal arches were more elevated in the group with symptoms and histories of PF, compared to the control runners. CONCLUSIONS: Runners with symptoms or histories of PF did not differ in rearfoot valgus misalignments, but showed increases in the longitudinal plantar arch during bipedal static stance, regardless of the presence of pain symptoms.

Avaliação funcional do equilíbrio e da sensibilidade cutânea plantar de idosos moradores na comunidade / Balance and plantar cutaneous sensitivity functional assessment in community-dwelling elderly

Desequilíbrio é um dos muitos fatores de risco que aumenta a susceptibilidade de um idoso a quedas. O equilíbrio pode ser avaliado mediante testes posturais e de sensibilidade plantar. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ocorrência de desequilíbrio e perda de sensibilidade cutânea plantar em idosos da comunidade e verificar a existência de associação entre ambas as alterações. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo envolvendo 45 idosos submetidos à escala de equilíbrio de Berg (EEB) e ao teste de sensibilidade plantar com monofilamento de nylon. Foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher e elaboradas curvas ROC para estudo da sensibilidade e especificidade da EEB. RESULTADOS: Idosos com alteração do equilíbrio e da sensibilidade cutânea foram em número de 2 e 4, respectivamente. Houve associação significativa entre queixa de desequilíbrio e perda da sensibilidade (p = 0,047) e ocorreu concordância razoável (Kappa: 0,6457) entre a EEB e o teste da sensibilidade. Verificou-se também associação significativa entre 6 dos 14 tarefas da EEB e o teste sensorial. CONCLUSÃO: Idosos vivendo com independência na comunidade, em sua maioria, apresentam equilíbrio e sensibilidade cutânea plantar normais. Quando alteradas estas funções mostram-se associadas de forma que, se os testes forem realizados conjuntamente, a precisão da avaliação do equilíbrio idoso aumenta.

Impaired balance is one of several factors that increase an elderly's susceptibility to falls. Balance assessment can be performed using postural tests and plantar cutaneous sensitivity tests. AIM: To assess balance disorders and loss of plantar cutaneous sensitivity in the elderly and look for association between these alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 45 elderly submitted to the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the plantar sensitivity test with nylon monofilament. We used chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and ROC curves were created in order to study the sensitivity and specificity of BBS. RESULTS: Two and 4 individuals showed balance and cutaneous sensation disorders, respectively. There was a significant association between the complaint of impaired balance and loss of skin sensitivity (p = 0.047), and there was a reasonable agreement (Kappa: 0.6457) between the BBS and the sensorial test. A significant association was also found among 6 of the 14 BBS tasks and the sensitivity test. CONCLUSION: Most of the elderly living independently in the community showed normal balance and plantar cutaneous sensation. When impaired, these functions appeared associated in a way that if the tests are performed together, the accuracy of the evaluation of the balance increases.

Frequency of sensory neuropathy in foot of asymptomatic type2 diabetic patients using semmes-weinstein monofilament

To detect neuropathy in diabetics who are clinically asymptomatic, using SW monofilament and to correlate the frequency of detected neuropathy with the duration of diabetes. Known patients of type 2 diabetes that do not have symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were included. Height, weight and duration of diabetes were measured and BMI calculated. SW monofilament was pressed perpendicular to the test site with enough pressure to bend it for one second. Comparison of frequency of SW monofilament test among gender was done by x2 test. Bivariate correlation of SW monofilament test result with duration of diabetes was done by Kendall's test. A total of 700 patients including 324 males and 376 females were examined. Asymptomatic neuropathy was detected in 14.4% of patients. The mean age of males was significantly more [50.4 +/- 9.0 vs 46.7 +/- 8.4 yrs; P < 0.0001] but BMI was lower than females [24.4 +/- 2.8 vs 26.2 +/- 4.2; P < 0.0001]. No correlation of asymptomatic neuropathy with duration of diabetes was detected [P = 0.995]. Asymptomatic neuropathy is prevalent in our diabetic population and it does not correlate with the duration of diabetes. Diabetics should be actively screened for asymptomatic neuropathy by SW monofilament

Endoscopic lumbar sympathectomy for women: effect on compensatory sweat

INTRODUCTION: Plantar hyperhidrosis is present in 50 percent of patients with hyperhidrosis. Thoracic sympathectomy is an important tool for the treatment of this condition, which is successful in about 60 percent of patients. For the remaining patients, lumbar sympathectomy is the procedure of choice. As new minimally invasive techniques have been developed, a significant demand for this type of access has led to its adaptation to the lumbar sympathectomy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic retroperitoneal lumbar sympathectomy in controlling plantar hyperhidrosis and its effects on compensatory sweat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty female patients with persistent plantar hyperhidrosis after thoracic sympathectomy were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to laparoscopic retroperitoneal lumbar sympathectomy (Group A) or no surgical intervention (Group B - control) groups. Quality-of-life modifications were assessed by specific questionnaires before and after surgery. In the same manner, direct sweat measurements were also performed pre- and post-intervention by evaluating trans-epidermal water loss. Despite the lack of intervention, the control group was evaluated at similar timepoints. RESULTS: In Group A, no major complications occurred in the peri-operative period. During the immediate post-operative period, three patients (20 percent) experienced prolonged pain (more than ten days). Eight patients suffered from worsened compensatory sweating (53.3 percent). In Group A, after lumbar sympathectomy, the quality of life significantly improved (p<0.05, intra-group comparison) beyond that of the control group (p<0.05, inter-group comparison). Also, lumbar sympathectomy resulted in significantly lower values of foot sweat (pre- vs. post-operative periods, p<0.05; Group A vs. Group B, p<0.05). These patients also developed higher values of sweat measurements on specific points of their dorsal and abdominal...

Atypical varicella zoster as SJS-TEN overlap syndrome with involvement of palm and sole.

A 14-month-old boy presented with generalised vesicular eruption involving the face, trunk and extremities accompanied by high grade fever. He had associated redness and purulent discharge from both eyes. Examination revealed erosions on the tongue, soft palate and genitalia with haemorrhagic crusts on the lips and nasal orifices. All laboratory investigations were within normal limits except leucocytosis. Chest x-ray showed left middle zone pneumonitis. Treatment was by paracetamol, antibiotics and oral acyclovir. Desquamation started from the eighth day. Our purpose in reporting this case is to highlight the fact that varicella can be atypical with distal involvement and can present as SJS-TEN overlap syndrome.

Foot screening technique in a diabetic population

Foot complications are a well known factor which contribute to the morbidity of diabetes and increases the chance of amputation. A total of 126 consecutive diabetic patients were evaluated by diabetic foot screening. Forty-one patients showed an impaired protective sense when tested with Semmes-Weinstein monofilament 5.07 (10 g), and 92% of them showed peripheral polyneuropathy in nerve conduction study (NCS). The mean vibration score of the Rydel-Seiffer graduated tuning fork in patients with peripheral polyneuropathy in nerve conduction (NCV) study was 5.38+/-2.0, which was significantly different from that of patients without polyneuropathy in NCS. Among the deformities identified on examination, callus, corn, and hallux valgus were the greatest. While checking the ankle/ brachial index (ABI), we also evaluated the integrity of vasculature in the lower extremities. After extensive evaluation, we classified the patients into eight groups (category 0,1,2,3,4A,4B,5,6). The result of this study suggested that the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, Rydel-Seiffer graduated tuning fork test, and checking the ankle/brachial index were simple techniques for evaluating pathologic change in the diabetic foot by office screening, and that this screening based on treatment-oriented classification helps to reduce pedal complications in a diabetic population

El síndrome de Proteus. A propósito de un caso / Proteus Syndrome. A case report

Introducción. El síndrome de Proteus se caracteriza por sobrecrecimiento asimétrico de una o más regiones anatómicas, talla alta, peso bajo y desarrollo de hamartomas en el sistema nervioso central. Presenta hipertrofia del tejido blando de tipo giriforme en las palmas de las manos y en plantas de los pies. Generalmente se presenta deterioro psicomotor progresivo. Los primeros rasgos inician durante el primer año de vida, siendo evidentes durante la infancia y cesando después de la pubertad. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente del sexo femenino, actualmente de siete años de edad, que fue enviada a la consulta de genética desde el primer año de vida por presentar facies característica, manchas y defectos de la piel del cuello, piel redundante en el dorso de las manos e hipertrofia de tejido giriforme en las plantas de los pies así como asimetría de abdomen. Conclusiones. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con el síndrome de Proteus, haciendo hincapié en las alteraciones de carácter evolutivo y las manifestaciones útiles para el diagnóstico